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Virtual Library

Online Searching

Following are the major types of search tools on the Web. While each in them have its own features relevant to its collection, collection development system/technique and its presentation method.

Search Engines

Meta-Search Engines

Subject Catalog & Directories

Invisible Web

Beyond Web

Search Engines:

This is the most commonly used type of tool for finding information on the internet. Search engines utilize software to automatically generate a database of websites and pages loaded on the web. Search engines generally have three major parts: first is 'spider' or 'crawler'; it crawls and visits web pages continuously to create the database with new uploaded web pages. Second is database, also sometimes called a catalogue or index, which contains a copy of every web page that the spider finds. and third is the search engine, the program that answer our queries by sifting though its huge collection of pages to find matches to our queries. While to update its collection normally spider crawls weekly to find updates of existing pages and new web page.

However search engines are problematic because being machines they do not think of quality, anyone, anywhere can publish information. Here in search engines is the lack of quality control, means that the vast quantities of retrieved information can range from potentially high quality sources to highly dubious information.

Ranking :

Normally search engines like Northern Light ranks the result through most relevance, it shows percentage against each searched record while listing most relevant first. The higher the figure more relevant a site is deemed to be. It assumes more relevant where your searched terms appear in the title of the page, near the top of the page, or appear frequently in the text. Remember you should not assume the ranking is always successful.

Search Engine	Google www.google.com	Teoma www.teoma.com	AlltheWeb Advanced Type alltheweb and click Advanced Search	Alta Vista Advanced Type www.av.comthen click Advanced Search
Links to help	Google help pages	Teoma help pages	AlltheWeb help pages	AltaVista help pages
Size, type Size varies frequently and widely.	HUGE. Over 2 billion. Claims over 3 billion but about 1 billion are not fully indexed (i.e., cannot be full-text word searched). Unindexed pages are retrieved if your search matches their titles or match other pages linking to them.	LARGE. Claims to have 1 billion fully indexed, searchable pages, and 1 billion more partially indexed. Strives to become #1 in size.	HUGE. Over 3 billion fully indexed, searchable pages. Sometimes ties for first in tests. Advanced Search worth mastering.	LARGE, but smaller than Google or AllTheWeb. See tests. Use the Advanced Search.
Noteworthy features and limitations	Popularity ranking using PageRank™. Limit of 10 words per search, excluding OR. Indexes the first 101KB of a Web page, and 120KB of PDF's.	Subject-Specific Popularity™ ranking. Suggests terms within results to refine Suggests pages within results with many links.	No stop words. URL Investigator to find out about a page. Conversion of weights and measures.	Full Boolean searching and powerful Searching within results using SORT BY box in Advanced Search. Basic search provides distracting commercial, paid, and directory entries.
Phrase searching (term definition)	Yes. Use " ". Searches common "stop words" if in phrases in quotes.	Yes. Use " ". Searches common "stop words" if in phrases in quotes.	Yes. Use " "	Yes. Use " "
Boolean logic (term definition)	Partial. AND assumed between words. Capitalize OR. - excludes. No ( ) or nesting. In Advanced Search, partial Boolean available in boxes.	Partial. AND assumed between words. Capitalize OR. - excludes. No ( )	If Boolean expression is selected in Advanced Search, accepts AND, OR, ANDNOT, and ( ).	AND, OR, AND NOT, NEAR (within 10 words). In Advanced Search, or capitalized in Basic Search.
+Requires/ -Excludes (term definition)	- excludes + will allow you to retrieve "stop words" (e.g., +in)	- excludes + will allow you to retrieve "stop words" (e.g., +in)	In top box, - excludes	Available only in Basic Search. We recommend Boolean logic in Advanced Search.
Sub-Searching (term definition)	Sort of . At bottom of results page, click "Search within results" and enter more terms. Adds terms.	Sort of . Add terms. REFINE pastes suggested sub-topics within results.	Sort of. At bottom of search results. Terms entered will be added to terms previously searched.	Yes. Use Sorted by box under Boolean search box. Sorts and filters search results.
Results Ranking (term definition)	Based on page popularity measured in links to it from other pages: high rank if a lot of other pages link to it. Fuzzy AND also invoked. Matching and ranking based on "cached" version of pages that may not be the most recent version.	Based on Subject-Specific Popularity™, links to a page by related pages. More info.	Automatic Fuzzy AND. Also seems to use "importance" and links to pages. In Advanced Search, SHOULD INCLUDE gives higher priority to word or phrase in box. Each box read as a phrase. In Boolean Search, rank:word is supposed to rank by that term.	By the terms you specify in Sorted by box under Boolean search box. Relevancy ranked if left blank.
Field limiting (term definition)	link: site: allintitle: intitle: allinurl: inurl: Advanced Search boxes for most of these. Offers Uncle Sam for US federal pages and other special searches.	intitle: inurl: site: geoloc: Explanations, limitations.	In Advanced Search, can search within: text, title, link name, url, link to the url (Explanation of these distinctions.) and filter by: domain terms. Also offers commands similar to Google as Special Features.	title: url: link: host: domain: anchor: text: image: applet: Definitions
Truncation (term definition)	No. Search variant endings and synonyms separately, separating with OR (capitalized): airline OR airlines	No. Search variant endings and synonyms separately, separating with OR (capitalized): airline OR airlines	No. Enclose variants in ( ) in top box to create OR search. (airline airlines)	Yes. Use *
Case sensitivity (term definition)	No.	No.	No.	Yes. Upper case retrieves matching upper case. Lower case retrieves lower or upper case. Also accent and character sensitive.
Language	Yes. Major Romanized and non-Romanized languages in Advanced Search.	Yes. Major Romanized languages. Use lang:	Yes. Major Romanized and non-Romanized languages. Allows you to specify matching character sets. Read Help and Customize.	Yes, extensive list includes major Romanized and non-Romanized languages.
Limit by age of documents	In Advanced Search.	In Advanced Search.	In Advanced Search.	Yes, in Advanced search.
Translation	Yes, in Translate this page link following some pages. To English from major European languages.	No.	No.	Yes, to and from English and other languages. Click on Translate following result.

Meta-Search Engines:

In a meta-search engine, you submit keywords in its search box, and it transmits your search simultaneously to several individual search engines and their databases of web pages. Within a few seconds, you get back results from all the search engines queried. Meta-search engines do not own a database of Web pages; they send your search terms to the databases maintained by search engine companies.

Smarter Meta-Search Engines

There are two families of smarter meta-search engines at this time:

Meta-searchers that search good databases, accept complex searches, integrate results well, eliminate duplicates, and offer additional features such as clustering by subjects within your search results. Some of the famous names are; Vivisimo (www.vivisimo.com) Metacrawler & Dogpile (metacrawler.com) (dogpile.com).
Tools for serious digging in many resources, with powerful abilities to help you find what you seek within search results. These are appropriate for very serious researchers to use for in depth probing of a topic. Some of the famous names are; SurfWax (www.surfwax.com), Copernic Agent (www.copernic.com)

Meta-Search Engines
Ixquick ixquick.com	Searches AltaVista, Ask Jeeves/Teoma, MSN, Yahoo & more.	Uses whatever search operators engine searched uses.	Also has meta search for: News, MP3 files, Pictures	Great feature: Aggregates and ranks results. Eliminates duplicates
Vivisimo vivisimo.com	Searches AltaVista, MSN, Lycos, BBC, & more. (Select in Advanced Search).	AND (default), OR, - to exclude.	Also searches subject engines on topics such as News, Business, Technology, & Sports.	Clusters results. Good for topical and current event searching.
Ask Jeeves www.ask.com Also has Ask Jeeves for Kids. www.ajkids.com	Answers to millions of questions from evaluated sites. Also searches Teoma.com.	No Boolean - use natural language.	Quotes for phrases is useful for Teoma search results.	Good for simple questions. Use Remove Frames feature to see URL of search result.
The BigHub